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Event Date: 29 April – 1 May 2011
East Midlands Conference Centre
University of Nottingham  
University Park
Nottingham NG7 2RJ

Landscapes of Secrecy: The CIA in History, Fiction and Memory

Dr Robert McNamara (University of Ulster) – US intelligence assessments and the ‘Unholy alliance’ of Southern Africa c. 1960-80

The Central Intelligence Agency’s best known involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Cold War era were the Congo Crises between 1960 and 1964 and its ill-fated involvement in the Angolan Civil War of 1975-76 in support of the FNLA faction. These particular crises have been the subject of two memoirs, Larry Devlin, Chief of Station, Congo: A Memoir of 1960-67. (New York: PublicAffairs, 2007) and John Stockwell,  In Search of Enemies: A CIA Story. (New York: Norton, 1978.) However, the vast bulk of the CIA’s effort is devoted to the collection and assessment of intelligence. From the 1950s, the central intelligence agency compiled thousands of pages of estimates, reports and assessments on southern Africa. Some of these appeared in the Daily and Weekly briefings. Others appeared in special reports and assessments that increased in volume as the Cold War reached Southern Africa in the mid 1970s.The purpose of this paper is to look at these assessments of Southern Africa, particularly the white minority regimes of the Portuguese colonies (Mozambique and Angola), Rhodesia and South Africa during their attempt to defy the wind of change of African nationalism after 1960. It will include analysis US intelligence assessments of some of the key events including the UDI of Rhodesia, the Portuguese revolution and its impact on the White redoubt. It will also make use of secret material from South African and Rhodesian sources to assess how much the CIA knew about the growing covert military alliance (Operation ALCORA) between  Rhodesia, Portugal and South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s.

Robert McNamara is Lecturer in International History at the University of Ulster, Coleraine since September 2007. He has held previous posts at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth and University College Cork. He is the author of Britain, Nasser and the Balance of Power in the Middle East, (London, Frank Cass, 2003) and The Hashemites: The Dream of Arabia, (London, Haus: 2010). He is currently working on a British Academy funded project: Defying the Wind of Change: the struggle for Southern Africa c.1960-1980.

Contact information: School of English, History and Politics, University of Ulster, Coleraine campus, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA

Email: rm.mcnamara@ulster.ac.uk

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Event Date: 29 April – 1 May 2011
East Midlands Conference Centre
University of Nottingham  
University Park
Nottingham NG7 2RJ

Landscapes of Secrecy: The CIA in History, Fiction and Memory

PROGRAMME

DAY 1: FRIDAY 29 APRIL 2011

Opening Remarks,  Richard J. Aldrich (University of Warwick).

Panel 1a: Origins: OSS and the rebirth of the CIA

Chair: Dr Kaeten Mistry (University of Warwick)

Professor Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones (University of Edinburgh)
“The Origins of the CIA” (AUDIO HERE)

Professor Richard Immerman (Temple University)
“From the OSS to the CIA” (AUDIO HERE)

Professor Nick Cullather (Indiana University)
“The CIA, the culture of intelligence failure, and the Bogotazo episode of 1948’
(AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 1b: The CIA, Television and Film

Chair/Discussant: Professor Tony Shaw (University of Hertfordshire)

Simon Willmetts (University of Warwick)
“Hitchcock and the CIA” (AUDIO HERE)

Dr Trevor McCrisken (University of Warwick)
“The CIA and American Television” (AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 2a: The CIA in the early Cold War

Chair: Dr Helen Laville (University of Birmingham)

Dr David Robarge (CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence)
“Origins and Development of the CIA Paramilitary function in the early Cold War”
(AUDIO HERE)

Professor Hugh Wilford (California State University Long Beach)
“America’s Great Game: The CIA and the Arab World in the Early Cold War”
(AUDIO HERE)

Laura Moorhead (Independent Scholar)
“Norwood Allman, the CIA and Representations of Intelligence”
(AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 2b: The CIA and their friends

Chair: Professor David Stafford (University of Edinburgh)

Professor Cees Wiebes (NcTB Netherlands)
“Oh my God, the Dutch did it again” : The Dutch-CIA intelligence liaison ”
(AUDIO HERE)

Peer Henrik Hansen (Cold War Museum, Denmark)
“Cooperation, complications and covert operations: CIA and Danish Intelligence, 1946-63”
(AUDIO HERE)

Dr Stefania Paladini (Coventry University) –
Viewed by the Allies: The Agency’s (mis)perception in Italy
(AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 2c: The CIA and American Faction and Fiction and the Press

Chair/Discussant: Professor Wesley Wark (University of Toronto)

Professor Fred Hitz (University of Virginia)
” The Myths and Reality of Espionage” (AUDIO HERE)

Professor Jonathan Nashel (University of South Bend, Indiana)
“Ian Fleming and Allen Dulles: Facts, Fictions, and Empires”

Professor Richard J. Aldrich (University of Warwick)
“Renegades and Outriders: The CIA and Journalism” (AUDIO HERE)

Keynote Speech

Chair: Professor Shearer West (Director of Research, Arts and Humanities Research Council)

Shearer West introduces Robert Jervis.

Professor Robert Jervis (Columbia University)
“Why the CIA Doesn’t Do Better” (AUDIO HERE)

Panel 3a: The CIA, declassification, and the Foreign Relations of the United States series

Chair: Professor Richard Immerman (Temple University)

Ted Keefer (former general editor of the Foreign Relations of the United States series, Office of the Historian, State Department)
“The Foreign Relations series and secrecy” (AUDIO HERE)

Professor Robert J. McMahon (Mershon Center, Ohio State University)
“The CIA and the FRUS series: the Indonesian case” (AUDIO HERE)

Dr Paul McGarr (University of Nottingham)
“’Playing Games with History’: The State Department, the CIA, and the FRUS series”
(AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 3b: Lost landscapes

Chair/Discussant: Dr Steve Hewitt (University of Birmingham)

Dr Zakia Shiraz (University of Warwick)
“White Out: The CIA and the Drugs Debate” (AUDIO HERE)

Dr Helen Laville (University of Birmingham)
“Women and the CIA” (AUDIO HERE)

Dr Dominik Smyrgala (Faculty of International Relations, Collegium Civitas, Warsaw, Poland)
“The CIA and the Polish Cold War Film and Literature” (AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 3c: The changing roles of the CIA and the globalisation of intelligence

Chair/Discussant: Professor Scott Lucas (University of Birmingham)
Eugene S. Poteat, AFIO
“The Ever-Changing Role of the CIA: From OSS Covert Operations, to Analysis, to High-Tech and Back”
(AUDIO HERE)

Dr Adam Svendsen (Research Consultant)
“The CIA and the Globalisation of Intelligence” (AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

After dinner speaker:

Richard J. Aldrich introduces Chirs Andrew.

Professor Chris Andrew (Corpus Christi College, Cambridge)
“’The CIA and US Intelligence: the view from Moscow and London”
(AUDIO HERE)

DAY 2: SATURDAY 30 APRIL 2011

Panel 4a: Cuba, the Bay of Pigs, and the CIA

Chair: Professor Randall B. Woods (University of Arkansas)

Professor Peter Kornbluh (National Security Archive)
“Cuba, the Bay of Pigs and the CIA” (AUDIO HERE)

James Perry (Senior Analyst, Northrop Grumman)
‘The Necessary Failure: the Bay of Pigs in Global Context”
(AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 4b: The CIA, Memoirs and Secrecy

Chair/Discussant: Dr David Robarge (CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence)

Professor Mark Fenster
“Varieties of Deference to ‘Extraordinary Needs’: CIA and Secrecy in the Courts”
(AUDIO HERE)

Dr Chris Moran (University of Warwick)
“Memories and Memoirs” (AUDIO HERE)

John Hollister Hedley (former chairman of CIA Publications Review Board)
“The CIA and the review of publications by CIA authors”
(AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 4c: The CIA and intelligence assessment in historical perspective

Chair: Ted Keefer (former general editor of the Foreign Relations of the United States series, Office of the Historian, State Department)

Professor Len Scott (Aberystwyth University)
“The CIA and the Cuban Missile Crisis” (AUDIO HERE)

Dr David Milne (University of East Anglia)
“Excessive Optimism and the politicization of intelligence on Vietnam”
(AUDIO HERE)

Dr Robert McNamara (University of Ulster)
“US intelligence assessments and the ‘Unholy alliance’ of Southern Africa c. 1960-80”
(AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 5a: The CIA in the era of the Nixon administration

Chair: Professor Peter Kornbluh (National Security Archive)

Dr Christian Gustafson (Brunel University)
“Nixon, Kissinger, the CIA, and Chile” (AUDIO HERE)

Professor Randall B. Woods (University of Arkansas)
“William E. Colby and the CIA” (AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 5b: The CIA and the post-Cold War world

Chair/Discussant: Dr Steve Hewitt (University of Birmingham)

Dr Stephen Marrin (Brunel University)
“The CIA’s analysis in the post-Cold War World”
(AUDIO HERE)

Dr Maria Ryan (University of Nottingham)
“‘Wilful Blindness or Blissful Ignorance? The United States and the Successful Denuclearisation of Iraq’”
(AUDIO HERE)

Tony Field (University of Warwick)
“The CIA and counter-terrorism intelligence” (AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 5c: CIA Operations and the question of Covert Action

Chair/Discussant: Professor Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones (University of Edinburgh)

Dr David Robarge (CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence)
“CIA Covert Action and Democracy” (AUDIO HERE)

Dr David Ryan (University College, Cork)
“Mining Nicaragua’s Harbours and Undermining CIA Recovery ”
(AUDIO HERE)

John Prados (National Security Archive)
“Whither Covert Operations?” (AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Plenary address.

Chair: Professor Richard J. Aldrich (University of Warwick)

Richard J. Aldrich introduces Wesley Wark.

Professor Wesley Wark (University of Toronto)
“The CIA and Western Culture” (AUDIO HERE)

Panel 6a: Counter-intelligence and the Soviet Bloc

Chair/Discussant: Gill Bennett

Hayden Peake
“On the Origins of Cold War Counterintelligence in the United States”
(AUDIO HERE)

Professor Jonathan Haslam (University of Cambridge)
“Soviet counter-intelligence against US operations in Moscow”
(AUDIO HERE)

Dr Paul Maddrell (Aberystwyth University)
“The CIA and the GDR in the Cold War” (AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 6b: Cultural encounters

Chair/Discussant: Professor Fred Hitz (University of Virginia)

Dr Jason Harding (School of Advanced Study, University of London)
“The CIA and Encounter magazine” (AUDIO HERE)

Professor Kathryn Olmsted (UC Davis)
“The CIA and Conspiracy Theories” (AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Panel 6c: Technical Collection, and the National Estimating System

Chair/Discussant: Cees Wiebes (NcTB Netherlands)

Dr Matthew Aid (National Security Archive)
“The CIA sigint programme and  its relations with the NSA”
(AUDIO HERE)

Chris Pocock (author and defense editor)
“The Black Bats: Covert Air Operations over China from Taiwan, 1951-1969”
(AUDIO HERE)

Dr Philip Davies (Brunel University)
“The CIA versus the NIE” (AUDIO HERE)

discussion.

Roundtable panel 7a: The CIA and declassification

Chair: Dr Matthew Aid (National  Security Archive)

Dr David Robarge (CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence)
“Recent CIA initiatives in the field” (AUDIO HERE)

Professor Nick Cullather (Indiana University)

Professor Mark Fenster (University of Florida)

Professor Richard Immerman (Temple University)

Dr Paul McGarr (University of Nottingham)

Professor Robert J. McMahon (Mershon Center, Ohio State University)

(Roundtable AUDIO HERE)

Roundtable panel 7b: The CIA and post-war American culture

Chair/Discussant: Professor Scott Lucas (University of Birmingham)

Professor Fred Hitz (University of Virginia)

Professor Peter Kornbluh (National Security Archive)

Professor Jonathan Nashel (University of South Bend, Indiana)

Professor Wesley Wark (University of Toronto)

Professor Hugh Wilford (California State University, Long Beach)

(Roundtable AUDIO HERE)

closing lecture

Professor Richard J. Aldrich (University of Warwick)
“The History of GCHQ” CONFIDENTIAL (NOT RECORDED)

Postgraduate panels sponsored by the Eccles Centre at the British Library are here (click)

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